Building Self Esteem Essay Example

Building Self Esteem Essay Example Building Self Esteem Paper Building Self Esteem Paper Building Self-esteem Abstract A lot of people suffer from the lack of self-confidence and often they don’t know the real reason. They unconsciously show this reason, low self-esteem. It’s very difficult for them to reach the goal they set and often they think the reason is their dis-abilities. They don’t trust in their skills. In reality no one is fully confident, because confidence isn’t general. You may feel confident in some field, while not in another one. So everyone needs to know the reasons and signs of lack of self-confidence, and of course ways to build self-esteem. This essay consists of all necessary information, which is necessary to struggle with this psychological problem. Building Self-esteem Nowadays, the psychological disorders and problems are main reason of discomfort while they cause a lot of other problems. It’s proved that a problem with self-esteem is most frequent. Because of no one is self-confident with 100%, everyone should work on building its own self-esteem, because if you don’t love yourself and don’t appreciate yourself properly, no one will do. Self-esteem is the opinion you have about you. Self-confidence is belief that you can achieve everything you want, you have potential of success and you trust you abilities. It’s based on the attitude your strengths and weaknesses, your independence and social status. It’s knowing that you don’t miss any skill which is necessary for success. Self-esteem gives you the energy and ability to complete the task or work you begin (Self-help brochure). The belief that self-confidence is inherited is the myth. It’s learned. You may feel confidence in one activity, while opposite in the different one. It’s not constant at the same time, it may increase or decrease due to new events happening in life (Radwan, 2006). People who aren’t self-confident depend on the approval of others in order to feel good about themselves. They are risk-averse people, because they are afraid of failure, and so they miss a lot of available opportunities and this fact decreases the chances of success (Self-help brochure). There are a lot of reasons, which cause low self-confidence: wrong upbringing, inferiority complex, perfectionism, negative self-talk, poor self-image (Radwan, 2006). A lot of is depended on parents, how they treat with their children. They have a very important role in developing their child’s self-image. Also they have to teach them, how to estimate each situation. If parents are shouting and fighting because of every minor mistakes (e. g. staining clothes, breaking some things.. ) the result is that child starts thinking that making mistakes is shameful, that others are perfect, who don’t do mistakes and child feels inferiority. Parent should provide acceptance, because if they are too critical and discourage child from independence, child may believe he’s inadequate and inferior. As a result child will suffer from the lack of self-confidence (Self-help brochure). It’s proved that lack of self-confidence is not necessarily related to lack of ability. It is often the result of focusing too much on the unrealistic expectations or standards of others, especially parents and society. Friends influences can be more powerful than those of parents and society in shaping feelings about oneself. Children in their yearly age re-examine their attitudes and values, develop their identities and they often feel pressure from friends (Self-help brochure). Inferiority complex is a disorder that develops as a result of feeling inferior when compared to your peers or friends. This can act as a barrier to building self-confidence and so it is necessary to deal with it first (Radwan, 2006). Another great cause for a lack of self-confidence is being a perfectionist. A perfectionist always sets impossible goals and very high standards that he can never achieve and this causes his confidence to degrade as he fails again and again. They often think I must never make mistakes if I want to be great at what I do (Radwan, 2006). Telling negative words and phrases about you during the normal thinking process degrades the self-esteem as well (Radwan, 2006). It’s necessary to talk about the poor self-image during discussing lack of self-confidence. If you feel that you feel more confident during wearing your best shirt that while you were something else, that the reason of your lack of self-confidence is your poor self-image. Self-image is how you think about yourself: what kind of person you are, how you look, what’s your personal or social status. And poor self-image is when you are unhappy how you look, ou’re very pessimistic and think there is no hope for you (Radwan, 2006). There are a lot of signs which shows if a person suffers from the lack of self-confidence: shyness, aggression, over-sensitivity, attention seeking, self-consciousness, dependence on others, immediately replying on criticism, explaining every mistake and action, becoming a perfectionist and being unreasonably proud. Body language is also talking a lot of about it (UT learning center, 2006). Unconfident people give reasons for every action they do. They think others are perfect and are ashamed of little mistakes. So they try to give explanation to their actions and often are getting in the awkward situation. People with the law self-esteem can’t understand that making mistakes is the right of human and so many excuses aren’t necessary (Radwan, 2006). Everyone has experienced the situation, when you give someone a small critical comment and he returns immediately it but in an aggressive way. That shows that he lacks self confidence. People with high self-esteem listen to their critics and analyze them, if it’s constructive they get them, if not, it doesn’t bother them very much (Radwan, 2006). Some of these people try to hide their inferiority complex by their arrogance. Everyone has his own weak and strong points and it’s not necessary to compensate for these weaknesses. Again, no one is perfect (Radwan, 2006). Body language is one of the trustworthy ways to know if someone feels lack of self-confidence. As usual such people take the defensive position, which means standing (or sitting) with arms folded accompanied by crossing legs. Confident people rarely take this position (Radwan, 2006). Perfectionism is one of the main reasons of lack of self-confidence. They try to do everything perfectly because they consider the world perfect and they become upset when they get 99% instead of 100% (Radwan, 2006). Building self-esteem isn’t difficult if you concentrate and if you have wish. As UT learning center studied for developing self-confidence is necessary to accept yourself as you are, respect yourself, your abilities, your needs, focus on your strengths not on weaknesses, set realistic goals you can reach, develop good self-image and don’t blame others for your own mistakes, and don’t think others are perfect (Self-help brochure). Give yourself the credit for everything you do. Applaud yourself after every success, even if it’s little. Praise yourself for efforts rather than end products (Self-help brochure). Don’t miss a chance because of fear of losing. Important is experience, not winning or losing. Use every opportunity and be risk-lover (Self-help brochure). Use self-talk (not negative self-talk) and often remind yourself that you can’t do everything perfectly and get yourself as you are (Self-help brochure). Try to evaluate yourself independently and objectively, this will reduce your dependence on others attitudes about you. Focus on how you feel about your behavior, work and etc. this will develop your identity and will prevent you from giving your personal power away to others (Self-help brochure). Body language can make others think that you are confident even if you are not. Clasping the hand in front of the stomach, putting your hands behind your back, straight back, making your finger tips touch and walking with wide steps are all signs of self confidence. Clear tone of voice, well structured phrases, and assertive body language shows your high self-esteem (Radwan, 2006). Accept criticism with smile and try to analyze it with your cold mind (Radwan, 2006). Finally, when you are self-confident, you are happy, sure of yourself, highly motivated and have the right attitude to succeed. You feel independent; you don’t depend on others approval and can make decisions without a lot of hesitation. References Are You Singing the Low Self-Esteem Blues? Retrieved January 8, 2008, from http://bipolar. about. com/od/copingresources/a/lowselfesteem. htm Perera, K. (2007). What is Self-esteem? Retrieved January 7, 2008, from more-selfesteem. com/whatisselfesteem. htm Radwan, F. (2006). Poor Self-image and Poor body-image. The Ultimate Source for Self Understanding. Retrieved January 7, 2008, from 2knowmyself. com/self_body_image/poor_self_image

Circumlocution

Circumlocution Circumlocution Circumlocution By Maeve Maddox The noun locution comes from a Latin verb meaning â€Å"to speak.† As an English noun it means â€Å"a form of expression.† The prefix circum- is also from Latin and means â€Å"around.† Circumlocution, therefore, means â€Å"expressing oneself in a round about way.† Circumlocution has its uses. Alexander Pope uses it to comic effect in his mock epic, The Rape of the Lock, as when he refers to a little pair of scissors as â€Å"a two-edged weapon† and a â€Å"little engine.† Politicians, educators, and other people who want to manipulate our perceptions of reality find circumlocution an effective means of obscuring meaning or making something ordinary seem special or profound. For example, collateral damage ethnic cleansing economical with the truth mistakes were made text-to-text connections (comparison of two books) extended constructed response (essay) brief constructed response (paragraph) selected response (multiple choice) As can be seen from the examples, euphemism is a type of circumlocution, as are many clichà ©s. Euphemism: referring to something unpleasant by more pleasant words, for example, passed away for died. Clichà ©: a stereotyped or commonplace expression, for example, It was raining cats and dogs. Here are some examples of circumlocution from the web; italics mine: The Committee must afford an opportunity for public comment at each of its meetings. –Illinois General Assembly statutes. At this point in time, we do not have evidence of consumers postponing expenditure plans, which is something one would observe in a deflationary environment,† Draghi told a symposium organized by the Bundesbank. –European Central Bank President Mario Draghi. Why does the University have a requirement for health insurance as condition of enrollment? According to Brandimonte this was due to the fact that the subtraction task was easier The department may peremptorily suspend the driving privilege of the person until such time as the licensee shall have submitted to re-examination. The examples could be rewritten to avoid circumlocution: â€Å"The Committee must permit public comment† â€Å"At this time, we do not have evidence† â€Å"Why does the University require health insurance† â€Å"According to Brandimonte this was because† Here, with suggested translations, are some prepositional phrases that often contribute to circumlocution: in light of the fact (because) in reference to (about) with the exception of (except) in the event of (if) in a timely fashion (quickly) notwithstanding the fact that (although) on the grounds that (because) in view of the fact that (because) Circumlocution for stylistic effect can be useful to create a humorous effect or to create a pompous or deceitful fictional character. In writing intended to convey information in a straightforward manner, however, circumlocution is a major stylistic defect. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. Programme25 Russian Words Used in English (and 25 More That Should Be)10 Terms for the Common People

Essay on Ricardian trade Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

On Ricardian trade - Essay Example On the same basis, England specializes in the production of cloth and imports wine according to the Ricardian model. The amount of wine produced from specialization in Portugal and the free movement of workers to the wine producing industry increases compared to an autarky situation. Cloth production by England also augments due to increased workers and specialization allowing for the fall in prices for both countries. This leads to an increase in the consumption ability of the people in both countries. Trade, therefore, can occur despite one country having absolute advantage in the production of both goods due to the presence of comparative advantage in the production of one good over another. Assumptions of the Ricardian Model include the assumption of perfect competition where there is perfect information, free entry and exit by firms, homogenous output among firms, firms cannot influence output and prices, and the aim of the firms are to maximize profits (Winthrop, 1344). The other assumptions are that there are two goods produced by two countries using one factor of production (labor) that is homogenous and freely moves between industries and that there is full employment. Other assumptions are general equilibrium, industry production of the goods and services, resource constraint and its immobility across countries, and lack of transportation costs for goods and services across countries (Winthrop, 1344). The structure of the Ricardian model is that a country that has comparative advantage in the production of a good specializes in the production of the good for domestic consumption and export while importing the good that it has comparative disadvantage in its production. The other country will specialize in the production of the second good for its domestic consumption and export the extra to the first country getting the supplies of the first good through imports. This results in benefit

Effect of environmental regulations on trade Essay

Effect of environmental regulations on trade - Essay Example Held and McGrew (2002) review several definitions for globalization and emphasize that while all are accurate, few capture the complexity of the phenomenon and therefore, do not comprehensively define globalization. From their perspective, while it is virtually impossible to define globalization in a single sentence, it can best be described as an economic phenomenon whose primary motivation is the imposition of the capitalism and economic liberalization upon the global economy and, in brief, the globalization of capital.According to this definition, globalization is the removal of obstacles towards the movement of goods and services across national borders, such as import and export taxes, customs and tariffs, resulting in reduced state control over economies and markets.As may be inferred from the foregoing definition, globalization has facilitated the movement of capital goods across national borders, with little, if any, state intervention.Within the context of this understanding , globalization has expanded markets and, importantly, has provided producers, manufacturers and business entities both with access to foreign markets and the ability to compete with domestic goods on relatively equal terms.Even while emphasizing the validity of the aforementioned and stressing that trade liberalization has, to a very large extent, achieved all of the stated, it is important to concede to the fact that environmental regulations have countered the trend towards the free movement of goods and services across national boundaries. ... 2 Effect of Environmental Regulations on Trade As may have been deduced from the introduction, environmental regulations affect international trade volumes and patterns. The extent to which it may do so will be examined in this section. 2.1 Trade Volumes Several studies have upheld the argument that environmental regulations have the potential to function as obstacles to the movement of capital goods and services across national boundaries and, in so doing, afford domestic producers an advantage over foreign ones. These same studies have also found that countries which have comparatively lax environmental regulations have a comparative advantage over those which have more stringent regulations, insofar as attracting foreign direct investment is concerned (McCormick, 2001; Anweiler, Copeland and Taylor, 2002). On the basis of empirical evidence, however, Anweiler, Copeland and Taylor (2002) find that the aforementioned comparative advantage is not sustainable. For example, Mexico's lax environmental regulations may have afforded it a comparative advantage where US foreign direct investment is concerned but it has hardly contributed to the growth of Mexican international trade and exports since operative environmental regulations in ot her countries act as an obstacle to the entry of Mexican exports. Similarly, the comparatively low standards of domestic environmental regulations in the United States have adversely impacted US international trade volumes (McCormick, 2001). Indeed, in his study of US international trade from 1958-1994, McCormick (2001) found that environmental regulations functioned as a serious obstacles to US exports and trade, especially to Europe and

Person-centred Care Essay

Person-centred Care Essay Introduction: Reflective essay on person centred care Modern day Healthcare has increasingly embraced concepts of client-centred practice and empowerment. However, Taylor (2003) posits that existing literature on the subject does not give clear and unambiguous descriptions of the ways by which nurses can empower clients. Nonetheless, nursing practice is inclusive of people from very different backgrounds. In my ward for example, a high proportion of the nurses did not get their initial qualifications and experience in the UK, and my mentor too did not start of as a nurse from the UK. As a result of this, in the absence of well defined guidance for patient empowerment as a practice concept (by regulatory authorities), nurses and other healthcare practitioners will always encounter difficulties in the performance of their duties in recognition of patient empowerment as a concept. The way patient care is manifest in hospitals has evolved over time and now centres around collaborative working with different teams coming together to ensure that client care and outcomes are improved (Hansson et al 2008), (Hewison and Stanton 2003). Working in this way requires that the patient is an inclusive and active partner in his care planning and care delivery. This new way of working has also been emphasised by the government introducing the agenda for patient-centred care and patient empowerment. The Department of Health stipulates that the NHS needs to empower patients more and give them control over their healthcare (DoH 2008) and the World Health Organisation (WHO) also requires that patients are always consulted before any procedure is carried out on them (WHO website). The whole concept of empowering patients may not be new to healthcare practitioners because some healthcare practitioners are known to have spoken about making efforts to carry the clients along in the process of their care delivery (Stewart et al. 2002), but Paterson (2001) claims that some healthcare professionals have also been known to use subtle and covert ways to avoid fully implementing the patient empowerment requirement even at the risk of going against regulation to empower patients. Empowerment has been (in essence) practitioner defined to suit the practitioners. As an example, at the MDT meetings I attended, the patients views were not adequately promoted, and considering the requirements of the patient empowerment agenda, the patient is supposed be in charge of his healthcare. I raised this with my mentor and the ward manager, and recommended that the patient be consulted before, and updated after every meeting that has to do with his care delivery. Acknowledging client empowerment as a way forward and in emphasising the need for this modern way of working, the Prime Minister in a key message in January 2008 said that patients are to be treated as active partners in their care. Brown et al (2006) consider that for care to be client-centred, care delivery must be focused on the client and empower and engage the client to his/her full potential as a partner in his/her care delivery. Whereas the client-centred concept requires that what is best for the patient is done, patient empowerment requires providing clients with adequate information and the knowledge required to make informed decisions and take control of their lives (Kielhofner 2002). The issue of patient empowerment raises an issue about empowering intellectually disabled persons who cannot make suc h decisions on their own. If an adult with intellectual disability does not have complete ability to communicate, their choices can be diminished which in turn can make it particularly difficult to ensure that their opinions are heard (Cameron and Murphy 2002); and even in instances where a nurse is designated the health facilitator for the client, there is no guidance as to how much decision making can be undertaken on his behalf (Martin and Carey 2009). These further complicate issues in nursing management for a qualified nurse and will call on good managerial skills. Modern healthcare practice environment is a highly regulated one with stringent requirements of the healthcare practitioners. The continued drive for improvement in both healthcare delivery service and the patients experience and quality of life (DoH 2005) have led to the promotion of improved integration between healthcare disciplines and agencies, and regulatory requirements to promote the concept of patient empowe rment (DoH 2008), (Corsello and Tinkelman 2008), (Glasby and Parker 2008). Empowerment is a natural phenomenon and is essential to humans. Patient empowerment may be resisted by nurses because of existing nurse-patient relationships (Nyatanga and Dann 2002) and so a deliberate cultural shift needs to be pursued to inculcate nurses with the shift in paradigm. To achieve, the nurse will need additional training, and the clients ought to be carried along in drawing up treatment plans. The more the client is involved in the treatment planning, the more the client appreciates his/her part in the patient empowerment agenda, and the more the satisfaction with the care delivery service. I have used simple courtesies like saying thank you to the client, and realised it brightens their day very much and also makes them much happier and willing to discuss their feelings and opinions with me. The convergence of management and nursing has evolved over the past few decades and management is often cited as the reason for failings, and also as the likely solution (Pollitt 1993) to many of the problems in the NHS. Management was first f ormally defined by Henry Fayol (1949) as the composite function of planning, organizing, coordinating, commanding and controlling activities or events. More recent definitions in management theory look at management from the perspective of empowerment, total quality management, organizational culture etc. (Hewison and Stanton 2003). Leadership and management skills in nursing overlap to a very large extent but whereas leadership skills are needed in the more personal aspects like mentoring and motivation, management skills are needed to meet organizational targets and the management of available resources. Summary With the problems associated with recruitment and retention of nurses in the health sector, and the attendant high turnover of nurses came an additional expectation of nurse-managers to help reverse the trend (even though several of the pioneering nurse-managers had not had formal managerial training) (Contino 2004). Contino (2004) described the managerial skills required of a good nurse manager to include change management, communicating plans, managing the flow of information, managing nursing ROTAs and managing finances (income and expenses). Courtney et al (2002) rate financial management knowledge as one of the top requirements for a nurse manager in order to understand financial forecasts, financial plans, financial ratios and financial performance ratios. A nurse manager needs to be very conversant with current practices and concepts. A good understanding of service improvement and knowledge (and use) of the available developmental resources for nurse improvement like the Lead ership at Point of Care programme (Janes and Mullan 2007) are essential for successful nurse-management. Carney (2009) reported that clients were more likely to be dissatisfied whenever they felt the nurse leader was incompetent. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) requires that the nurse is conversant with and aware of current developments in practice by way of continued professional development after qualifying as a trained nurse. To manage a team well, a nurse will need very good communication skills in addition to the authority to take decisions within the boundaries of his/her responsibility (Cross and Prusak 2002), (Carroll 2005) as and when necessary. A nurse manager should be a good team-player and able to multi-task (Jaynelle and Stichler 2006) and possess very good communication skills that go beyond language and/or grammar, to listening, being assertive and ensuring that the nurses decisions are enforced especially when the nurse speaks on behalf of a client (or helps to amplify the clients voice) (Harris 2003). The nurse manager should ensure that adequate communication links are established between the client and the MDT so that client views are always considered. The nurse manager should patiently try to clearly understand the patient (Lynden 2006) so as to be able to ensure clients views are accommodated in clients care delivery. In situations of acute ailments, clients can present with intellectual disability or a moderated ability to communicate verbally which can make it difficult to understand their opinions or wishes (Cameron and Murphy 2002) for their care process. To be a leader, todays nurse will need to be able to command the respect of other team members. To achieve acceptability nurse managers need to be people with high integrity and people management/motivation skills and be able to work in a collaborative setting (Carroll 2005). Integrity in this perspective is synonymous with honesty (Kouzes and Posner 2002) and several studies have highlighted the importance of honesty fo r nurse management or leadership because people (clients and nurses alike) will want to assure themselves that their leader is worthy of their trust (Kouzes and Posner 2003). During my placements in an adult care unit of a major hospital, from observation and interaction with patients and healthcare staff, my attention was drawn to a plight of some of the patients in my care: I realised that some of the patients were not being allowed to determine the course of their treatment as required by the patient empowerment agenda (DoH 2008) and this was more especial in patients with acute ailments. There was a lack of full management implementation of the Patient empowerment agenda, with particular emphasis on the relevance given to the patients choice (or voice) in the patients care delivery. The quality of care delivery is assessed by its ability to improve patient care through the collaborative team work of healthcare professionals and how patient-focused the care delivery is. For the purposes of this work, I shall refer to a renal patient in my care during my placement as Mr. B (not real name). All references to him or a hospital do not identify either. When Mr. B was †¦ and was refusing to be compliant, I approached him and had a talk with him. I discovered that his lack of compliance was in protest of the fact that he was not aware he was being put on †¦ reinforcing the position of Corsello and Tinkelman (2008) that clients will respond better to care that encourages their participation and is considerate of their specific needs. To ensure that this did not happ en again, I brought the patients complaint to the attention of my mentor and ensured that the multi-disciplinary team was made aware by adequately documenting my findings and observations. I regularly sought advice and guidance from my mentor because mentoring and role-modeling are active ways of knowledge transfer in large organizations (Carney 2009) and improves the care delivery service. Service improvement remains a core requirement for the Knowledge and Skills Framework for a registered nurse (DoH 2004) and requires an all-party embracing culture of seeking continuous improvement (Janes and Mullan 2007) where honest and periodic performance appraisals are evident. Service improvement in the NHS has been an issue of high importance and has necessitated the establishment of groups that are charged with charting out improvements within the NHS like the NHS Improvement (NHS Improvement Programme 2008). Practicing nurses are encouraged to keep abreast with developments from such groups. A new service improvement concept of patient-safety is gaining popularity in healthcare although regulatory definition is not yet specific (Feng et al 2008). Flin and Yule (2003) claim patients can be injured through the actions of healthcare staff, and Feng et al (2008) insist that a blame and shame culture inhibits learning from mistakes and can exacerbate incidences of mistakes. To this end (in the UK) an Expert group was established that recommended that the culture around error reporting shifted towards finding the cause of the error rather than the culprit (DoH 2000). Nurses are often under pressure from shortage of nursing staff, and a change in the nursing environment can improve patient safety and outcomes (Lin and Liang 2007). During my placements, I observed that Mr. B was often in bed for prolonged periods between nursing visits. I appraised the risk of the situation and ranked his needs by priority. He looked like he was beginning to get sore from immobility, so I delegated his need for exercise to the physiotherapist in the MDT, and having assessed the competency level of the HCA on the ward, I delegated the tasks of keeping Mr. Bs environment clean and regularly turning him to air his back to the HCA. The HCA had been previously supervised for this task and had been assessed as competent to perform it satisfactorily. Conclusion To achieve the required improvements which accompany patient empowerment that the NHS strives for, there must be a change from the current culture where the nurse sees the client as a patient (Nyatanga and Dann 2002) towards seeing clients as part and parcel of the decision making in their care delivery. Quality will be improved when patient empowerment/voice in patient care is active, client engagement is on a regular basis, and nurses are more patient in hearing patients out and in attending to patient calls. Patient safety issues including the security of the patient, proper risk assessment, maintaining cleanliness of his environment and regular visits should be the norm

Merits and Demerits of Police Identification

?Discuss any four types of police identification parade emphasizing on their respective merits and short comings. Police identification parade can be referred to as a situation whereby suspects believed to have committed a crime are presented or lined-up for witnesses to identify if indeed the one or group of persons who committed the crime is amongst the line-up. This method is used inorder to help the police confirm if indeed suspect did commit the crime. There are several ways in which police identification parades can be conducted.Depending on the type of situation and resources available for use; be it human or technological will most preferably assist the police on what methods to put in (type of identification parade). When police forces are carrying out their functions, they also have a duty to have regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, harassment and victimisation and to take steps to foster good relations. The main focus of my study is to address only fou r of these identification parades and analyze into detail their main objectives and discuss their merits and where they fall short.Some of the identification parades we know of may weigh in different levels with regards to effectiveness. Others are judged to be more effective whiles some others are least effective. In this code, identification by an eye-witness arises when a witness who has seen the offender committing the crime and is given an opportunity to identify a person suspected of involvement in the offence in a video identification or similar procedure. From a legal point of view the question that an identification parade attempts to answer is whether the suspect is in fact the culprit.First of all, I would like to discuss about the ‘video identification’. With this method, suspects are kept in a confined area or room under a surveillance camera. A ‘video identification’ is when the witness is shown moving images of a known suspect, together with similar images of others who resemble the suspect. Sometimes in absence of the videos photographs of assumed suspects are shown to the witness to help identify the culprit. Even though it is sometimes useful, it is not the best since it shows still-life images which shows only one sided angle on the view of things and thereby makes it difficult for identification.The video is more advantageous in suspect identification because since there are moving images and gives different angles on the view of things. Examples are; the different kinds of expressions and mood swings exhibited by, the witness can easily identify the suspect if indeed he o she is part. These eye-witness identification procedures are designed to test an eye witness’ ability to identify suspects and to provide safeguards against mistaken identity. Secondly, the identification parade that will be considered here is the ‘line-up’.With this procedure, suspects are arranged or lined up for witnesses t o view and see which of them are or is the culprit. Here, the police officer in charge instructs the suspects to turn to whichever direction the witness asks. The witness is therefore asked to point out to the real culprit(s) who indeed committed the crime. Since this is an open parade, things could get complicated and physical in the sense that, if the witness pin points the suspect, and tempers are not calm, the suspect might step forward and harass the witness physically.In some cases, witnesses might be forced to give false data when they stare directly into faces of the suspects. Some suspects make facial expressions which are very threatening to witnesses and therefore conclude that the witness is not part of the parade for fear for their life. In other cases too, the witness might point to the wrong person who also has an appearance like that of a criminal (shabbily dressed, muscular, bony face, black lips) . Also depending on the type of question the witness is asked, he or she might give false information.Example: if the police asks; â€Å"which of them attacked you or committed the offence? † the witness is implied to just chose a suspect even if, the real culprit is not among the parade. Such questions are imperatives which do not really ask a direct question but instead expects you to comply or conform. Apart from this method shortcoming, there is no doubt that it’s sometimes reliable. Thirdly, identifications can be carried out by using a one-way mirror which is a better procedure as compared to that of the open line-ups.With this method, suspects are lined up in a room which is much secured with glass windows from which the witness can have a clear view of all the suspects present. The windows here are made of glass which are tinted, so suspects do not see whatever that goes on outside but the witness who is outside the room sees all that goes on inside. Identification of culprit(s) becomes difficult for the witness if suspects are dressed in almost the same way and there is the chance that, there exist some similarities between any of the suspects, especially when the culprit is involved.Also not all eye witness’ have very good memeory when it comes to facial recognition. Furthermore, there is the sort of identification which has to do with verbal recognition. Here, different set of audio recordings of different suspects are selected and then played for the witness to identify the culprit. This method is only used in critical situations where the witness did not see the suspect but heard the person speak. This could be difficult for the witness to identify especially when the tapes been played are similar.Sometimes too, the suspect is kept in a confined room with a recording device and is asked by the police to mention specific words suggested by the witness. These words are sometimes the ones the witness heard the suspect say at the time of the incident. In conclusion to the above procedures, the poli ce force can put in severe measures that could enhance or yield positive and effective results to make their work much easier and simpler. There are also instances whereby two or more procedures of identification are incorporated into one to help solve cases which are very delicate and special.

Beethovens Seventh Symphony Analysis - 2490 Words

Symphony No. 7 in A Major (Op. 92), completed in 1812, might have been one of Ludwig Van Beethoven’s most popular pieces. The seventh of Beethoven’s nine symphonies, its premiere concert (December 1813 in Vienna) was performed at a charity concert in order to benefit the soldiers who had been wounded a few months prior in the battle of Hanau. It was performed three times in ten weeks following its premiere. During the time of the symphony’s premiere, Vienna was still distressed due to being taken over by Napoleon in 1805 and 1809 and yearning for victory; the audience at the premiere seemed to have loved the energy and beauty of the piece. The Seventh Symphony had been dedicated to both Count Moritz von Fries and Russian Empress Elisabeth†¦show more content†¦The Seventh Symphony itself can and has been described in many words and fashions. It’s victorious, moving, energetic, powerful, and full of heart. The piece is known for its rhythmic devices (such as dotted rhythm and repeated rhythmic figures) and the celebratory emotion to it, in which makes listeners want to dance and burst into blissful joy. It involves four movements: 1. Poco sostenuto – Vivace, 2. Allegretto, 3. Presto – Assai meno presto (trio), and 4. Finale, Allegro con brio. The score includes two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, two horns, two trumpets, two drums (in which are tuned to A and E, except in the scherzo where they are in F and A), and basses. The first movement is in A major, with repeated modulations between C major and F major. The second movement also includes modulations (originally in A minor with switches to A major) and the third movement is in F major. The first movement of Symphony No. 7 is noted for its long ascending scales as well as its applied dominants relative to its C major and F major modulations. The Introduction begins with a short A chord from the full orchestra. After eight bars, the piece has b riefly entered the key of F major already and is now accompanied by scales of two octaves which begin softly, similar to the way a person creeps up and down a staircase. These scales repeat, gradually becoming louder and more extravagant. The third themeShow MoreRelatedEssay Plan. Essay Topic: Beethoven’S Symphony No.6 Is A1829 Words   |  8 PagesEssay plan Essay topic: Beethoven’s Symphony No.6 is a turning point in music history Introduction: - What is turning point in music history? Turning point is defined as â€Å"a point at which a notable or decisive change takes place; critical point;† , and it â€Å"represents a lasting shift in the zeitgeist or ‘spirit of the age.’† As an important part of Art, music has a crucial role on representing the human spirit of the age. When a turning point in music history occurs, it implies a change in humanRead MoreThe Impact Of Beethoven On The Development Of The Symphony Until Mahler3555 Words   |  15 Pagesthe development of the symphony until Mahler. Difficult as it may be to define the true relationship of an artist to his successors, this difficulty is enormously increased when the subject is as complex a man and musician as Beethoven. His role as both a â€Å"preserver of the eighteenth-century tradition1 and a pioneer of romantic self-expression, has secured his status as one of the most revered composers in the history of Western music. Throughout his symphonic cycle, Beethoven’s own journey of self-discoveryRead MoreAnalysis Of Adornos Critical Attack On Popular Music1686 Words   |  7 Pagespseudo-individualisation and regressive listening in terms of escapism. Standardisation will be evaluated in structural terms, and critiqued by Middleton (1990) and Witkin (2003). Adorno’s critique of popular music can only be understood in relation to his analysis of serious music, therefore, the essay will focus on both types of music. Adorno’s criticisms of popular music and critics of this criticism, will ena ble for a conclusion to be drawn on whether or not I agree with Adorno’s claims on popular music